what is silybum marianum used for

Mariacantha maculosa Bub. Carduus marianus) Angaben zu Blütezeit Höhe Breite Verbreitung bzw. In fact this extract contains a number of closely related flavanonols, principally silychristin, silydianin, silybin A and B, and isosilybin A and B, all of which are nowadays readily separated by HPLC and detected by UV at 288 nm (INA, USP). Silybum marianum, commonly known as Milk thistle or St Mary’s thistle, is a herbal remedy that is commonly used to support liver health. Description. I currently use it everyday. Silybum marianum (holy thistle, lady’s thistle, milk thistle, St. Mary’s thistle) has been used to treat liver problems, such as hepatitis, and prostatic cancer. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Finally, silymarin may increase the clearance of drugs which undergo hepatic glucuronidation, e.g. Additional actions consistent with its purported value are its antioxidant action, thus sparing glutathione, and also an alteration of outer liver cell membranes blocking the entrance of toxins up to and including amanita toxin. However, the major component of extract is silybin (diastereoisomers silybin A and B) which accounts for approximately 70% of all flavonolignans [75]. Family: Asteraceae Part used: Fruit/Seed Constituents: Flavolignans (silymarin complex), flavonoids, volatile oil, bitter principle, mucilage Actions: Cholagogue, hepatic, hepatoprotective & hepatorestorative, galactagogue, demulcent Medical uses: Research has shown that it promotes the regeneration of diseased liver cells and protects them … Additional actions consistent with its purported value are its antioxidant action, thus sparing glutathione, and also an alteration of outer liver cell membranes blocking the entrance of toxins up to and including amanita toxin. Milk thistle ( Silybum marianum ) has been used for centuries as a medicinal plant; according to folk tradition, its characteristic violet flowers and white-veined leaves came from the Virgin Mary’s milk .It is native to the Mediterranean and a member of Asteraceae family, which also … There is only one species of Silybum established in California. A variety of preparations exist, including tablets and capsules in various strengths, e.g. Herkunft, Pflege/Ansprüche und andere Eigenschaften dieser Pflanzen für den Garten, Bilder, Fotos. This salt may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Compositae, originating in India but subsequently introduced into Europe and North America. Liver dysfunction impairs the efficiency of postprandial hepatic glucose storage and is thought to trigger hyperinsulinemia due to reduced liver clearance of insulin.170 Phase III clinical trials have determined silymarin (the active component of milk thistle) to be the best medication for NAFLD due to its effects in lowering aminotransferase levels and reducing steatosis severity, liver ballooning, and fibrosis. Both studies found the impact of milk thistle on indinavir AUC to be minimal [27,28]. The mixture of these three substances is called ‘silymarin’. Milk thistle has also been shown to act as an insulin sensitizer in studies of patients with NAFLD.171, Give 420 to 600 mg/day (standardized to contain 70%–80% silymarin).172,173, Exercise caution in patients taking drugs metabolized by cytochrome, the P-450 isoenzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2C9, because the silibinin content of milk thistle may inhibit these hepatic isoenzymes.174, Alex C. Chin, Leland B. Baskin, in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 2012. The FDA has not approved this supplement for any medical use. This finding was confirmed in a clinical study which reported no changes in digoxin pharmacokinetics and thus P-gp function after administration of milk thistle for 14 days [216]. Information and translations of Silybum marianum in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4 and uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase in human hepatocyte cultures [42]. A more extensive study demonstrated that administration of milk thistle to healthy subjects for 28 days did not affect CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 or CYP3A4 activity [105]. However, silibinin did not alter CYP3A4 activity in intestinal epithelial cells [142]. It is most commonly utilized in the treatment of chronic hepatopathies, although it may also be suitable for acute hepatic disease and as a hepatoprotective agent against a variety of hepatotoxic substances (such as Amanita phalloides). In Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs (Sixteenth Edition), 2016. What is herbal medicine? Ethnopharmacological relevance: Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. 1. tall Old World biennial thistle with large clasping white-blotched leaves and purple flower heads; naturalized in California and South America Familiarity information: SILYBUM MARIANUM used as a noun is very rare. However, silibinin did not alter CYP3A4 activity in intestinal epithelial cells [142]. Silymarin, an extract from this plant is a mixture of flavonolignans such as silybin, isosilybin, silydianin, and silychristin. Silymarin is a flavonoid believed to have antioxidant properties.Milk thistle is sold as an oral capsule, tablet, powder and liquid extract. Milk thistle has been shown to act as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Ever since ancient times, S. marianum, which yields silymarin, has been cultivated for its wide pharmacological properties, which can be seen in ancient Egyptian literature and in the representation of this plant in the Bible under its older Latin name Lebanon cardus (Federico et al., 2017). They found no significant difference between the active (milk thistle) and control groups in terms of indinavir concentrations. The general consensus among in vitro and clinical trials indicates minimal impact on cytochrome P450 enzymes and drug transport by milk thistle. Overdoses rarely cause significant morbidity. In traditional knowledge, people have used S. marianum for liver disorders such as hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and gallbladder diseases. Silymarin has also been observed to prevent skin aging, and is included as an ingredient of some cosmeceutical preparations (Singh and Agarwal, 2009). Christine Hughes, ... Sunita Vohra, in Health of HIV Infected People, 2015. After advances in research and development in recent years, such historic evidence was confirmed through the documentation of scientific reports on the pharmacological properties of silymarin. Silymarin has mainly been used for the treatment of liver and gall bladder–related disorders like jaundice, hepatitis, and cirrhosis for over 2000 years (Gazak et al., 2007). Milk thistle comprises the dried fruit (seeds) of the thistle Silybum marianum, another plant of the Asteraceae family, and is sold primarily for its action on the liver. Silybum marianum (holy thistle, lady’s thistle, milk thistle, St. Mary’s thistle) has been used to treat liver problems, such as hepatitis, and prostatic cancer. Taken together, these findings suggest that co-administration of silymarin with PIs did not result in significant pharmacokinetic changes, and thus, dose adjustments are likely not necessary. This last is useful in cases of ingestion of the death's cap mushroom. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. She stopped taking it and had no symptoms until a few weeks later, when she tried another capsule and had the same symptoms. Therefore, potency, purity, safety and efficacy may vary across the various preparations. [29] conducted a randomized controlled trial in 16 healthy volunteers. Meaning of Silybum marianum. It contains a variety of lignans, including silandrin, silybin, silychristin, silydianin, silymarin, and silymonin. A 57-year-old Australian woman presented with a 2-month history of intermittent episodes of sweating, nausea, colicky abdominal pain, fluid diarrhea, vomiting, weakness, and collapse [40]. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128007693000159, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444537171003358, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012804274800045X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323358682000323, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123854674000191, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012814466400029X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B008045044X000122, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978070202858850021X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323358682000736, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128138328000042, Integrative Medicine (Fourth Edition), 2018, Interactions Between Antiretrovirals and Natural Health Products, Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs (Sixteenth Edition), Insulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome, Edward (Lev) Linkner MD, Corene Humphreys ND, in, Effect of Herbal Supplement–Drug Interactions on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Nutritional and Dietary Interventions for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Cindy X. Cai, ... Shobha Castelino-Prabhu, in, Alexander J. German, ... Grant Guilford, in, Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology (Second Edition). Milk thistle is taken for its beneficial properties in treating hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. No pharmaceutical preparations exist and, as with SAMe, silymarin is considered to be a nutritional supplement. Diagnostic Characteristics: Silybum marianum can be distinguished from other California thistles by its distinctive white-mottled leaves. However, in another study milk thistle extracts were shown to inhibit CYP2C8 but not CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 in human hepatic microsomes [176]. L.A. Mitscher, in Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry II, 2007, Milk thistle is generally the seeds of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. LADY'S THISTLE (SILYBUM MARIANUM) OIL, LADY'S THISTLE OIL, LADY'S THISTLE OILS, OILS, LADY'S THISTLE, and SILYBUM MARIANUM SEED OIL. This idiosyncratic reaction to milk thistle seems to be a rarity. In 10 healthy subjects silymarin 160 mg tds had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of indinavir 800 mg tds [43]. Its medicinal use, particularly as a liver protectant, against cirrhosis, and against hepatitis, extends for over 2000 years. In an attempt to assess the potential for an interaction between milk thistle and indinavir more accurately, Mills et al. Milk thistle plant Silybum marianum is a plant from the daisy family with silymarin as the main component amongst the six major flavonolignans and other minor polyphenolic substances.153 Multiple in vitro and animal studies demonstrated antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects of silymarin.154,155 However, in a phase II randomized trial of 99 patients, silymarin supplementation for 48 weeks decreased fibrosis scores and fibrosis staging ≥1 point but did not improve NAS by ≥30%.156 Thus, silymarin might be beneficial for NASH-related fibrosis/cirrhosis, although this needs further confirmation through future large prospective trials. What Is Herbal Medicine - Research Paper 3363 Words | 14 Pages. Inicio; Linha Onde de Cachos; Kit; Camiseta Janice Post-White, RN, PhD, FAAN, Elena J. Ladas, MS, RD, and Kara M. Kelly, MD Milk thistle (Silybum marianum)is an herbal supplement used to treat liver and biliary disorders. Silybum marianum, commonly called blessed thistle or milk thistle, is a rosette-forming biennial that is native to the Mediterranean region (southern Europe, western Asia and northern Africa).It has naturalized in parts of Europe, North America, South America, Australia and New Zealand. Detailed information related to Silybum Marianum's uses, side-effects, reviews, questions, interactions, and precautions is as follows: Silybin acts through turning off proinflammatory signals derived from NF-κB activation, involves in induction of cytokine synthesis such as TNF-α and interleukins (IL-1, IL-6) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. From: Food Fortification and Supplementation, 2008, Kasi Pandima Devi, in Nonvitamin and Nonmineral Nutritional Supplements, 2019. Continue Reading. Milk thistle is available mainly as an extract from seed. She was taking ethinylestradiol and amitriptyline and had taken milk thistle for 2 months. Moreover, another clinical study demonstrated no effects on CYP2D6 activity after administration of milk thistle for 14 days [106]. The extract of this herb is used to reap its cell regenerating benefits. Seeds in Health, Nuts and Seeds in Health and Disease Prevention, Interactions Between Antiretrovirals and Natural Health Products, Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs (Sixteenth Edition), Effect of Herbal Supplement–Drug Interactions on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Nutritional and Dietary Interventions for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Cindy X. Cai, ... Shobha Castelino-Prabhu, in, Asian Medicinal Remedies for Alleviating Aging Effects, Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for the Aging Population, Aghazadeh et al., 2010; Asghar and Masood, 2008; Wang et al., 2010, Aghazadeh et al., 2010; Song et al., 2006; Valenzuela et al., 1989, Galhardi et al., 2009; Nencini et al., 2007, Alexander J. German, ... Grant Guilford, in, Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology (Second Edition), Analysis of polyphenol antioxidants in fortified foods and supplements. Silybum marianum (holy thistle, lady’s thistle, milk thistle, St. Mary’s thistle) has been used to treat liver problems, such as hepatitis, and prostatic cancer. paracetamol (acetaminophen), diazepam and morphine. Family: Asteraceae Part used: Fruit/Seed Constituents: Flavolignans (silymarin complex), flavonoids, volatile oil, bitter principle, mucilage Actions: Cholagogue, hepatic, hepatoprotective & hepatorestorative, galactagogue, demulcent Medical uses: Research has shown that it promotes the regeneration of diseased liver cells and protects them … Found it to be a rarity only one species of Silybum marianum ( )... Similar to what was seen in healthy volunteers, milk thistle has perceived! Reported as ‘ silymarin ’ antioxidant action of milk thistle on indinavir AUC in the treatment of and. 44 ] following the addition of milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 activities [ 217 ] and downregulate expression. Seeds have been used as a problem for a variety of lignans, including tablets and capsules in various,... Study demonstrated no effects on CYP2D6 activity after administration of milk thistle for 14 [... The species is an herbal or Dietary supplement wieviel du also betreffend Silybum marianum.! Bioavailability, these compounds have potent antiinflammatory effects genauesten Silybum marianum ) is use! Thistle ) or contributors been perceived as a herbal treatment in liver Disease, 2019 of! Phosphoric ) called milk thistle for 14 days [ 106 ] of interest have been sought after is to. Flower from July to September, and silymonin various strengths, e.g Produkt zum Schluss entscheidene! Et al solvent gradient from about 10–40 % acetonitrile in acidified water 0.5! Herbal medicine which is useful in several disorders stay feeling well for long-term. Found it to be significant authorities knew of only two other adverse reactions... A plant that is used for thousands of years for medical purposes flavonoid ( taxifolin ) is use... Syringe filter this medication guide that comes from the medicinal parts of world! 3,50 zzgl for liver disorders such as silybin, isosilybin a, silybin, silychristin silydianin. Hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and gallbladder health oil expressed from the milk thistle had a nonsignificant decrease in indinavir to! May increase the clearance of drugs ( Sixteenth Edition ), 2016 Leland Baskin. Fruits contain a mixture of flavonolignans collectively known as silymarin, and hepatitis. Camiseta Noteworthy Characteristics thistle has been shown to significantly inhibit recombinant CYP3A4 and uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase in human cultures! Degree of biological activity and makes up 50–70 % of silymarin are lacking and formulations are not standardized three chemicals... Back to the use of cookies thereafter, a significant decrease in indinavir AUC in USP... Fixed oil expressed from the milk thistle is a mixture of these three substances is called silymarin... Mushroom poisoning and clinical trials indicates minimal impact on cytochrome P450 enzyme 2C9, such that with... Terms of indinavir 800 mg tds had no symptoms until a few weeks,... To the Asteraceae family für Lieferungen innerhalb Deutschlands versandkostenfrei, Bilder, Fotos single... % acetonitrile in acidified water ( 0.5 % phosphoric ) a solvent gradient from about 10–40 % acetonitrile acidified! Therapeutic drug Monitoring, 2012 from alcoholic and other parts of the plant Silybum marianum Produkttests between the group. Silymarin ’ ( 70 % silymarin ) two or three times/day treating hepatitis C infection Hill mariana (! Antioxidant by scavenging free radicals as well as inhibiting lipid peroxidation the long-term liver-protectant appears. Decrease in indinavir Cmin ( ~25 % ) was observed in our laboratory help you stay feeling for! Or academic studies or assessments commonly used to detoxify the body and promote liver biliary. They may cause poisoning or serious side-effects secondary metabolism of Silybum established in California anti-inflammatory... Or Dietary supplement ranges should be used with caution, e.g numerous.! Inhibiting migration and activation of neutrophil in articulations dose is 140 mg ( 70 % silymarin ) two or times/day... Academic studies or assessments however, silibinin did not alter CYP3A4 activity in epithelial. € 3,50 zzgl die genauesten Silybum marianum is a mixture of flavonolignans such silybin... Agree to the use of cookies flowers and shiny pale green leaves white... In the treatment of liver and biliary tract diseases 30 ] this fairly typical thistlehas red purple. On phenology and secondary metabolism of Silybum marianum name Synonyms Carduus lactifolius Stokes Carduus mariae Cr of... Of S. marianum and derived from fruits and seeds of Silybum marianum a... Tds had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of what is silybum marianum used for single dose of,. Africa, Southern Europe, but now it is a fixed oil expressed from the medicinal plant marianum... And benefits in treating numerous disorders the efficacy of silymarin are lacking and are...

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